Got a Notice to Appear? What it means and what to do first

A Notice to Appear starts deportation (removal) proceedings in immigration court. Here are the first steps that protect you.

Updated November 4, 2026 · Reviewed by Ettrick M. Campbell, Esq.

A Notice to Appear (Form I-862) is the document that starts removal (deportation) proceedings in immigration court. It's serious, but many people who get one do have options, and acting early makes a real difference.

This is not a fill-in-the-form situation. Talk to an immigration lawyer as soon as possible.

What the notice says

  • Why the government says you can be removed (the "allegations" and "charges").
  • Which court your case is in.
  • Sometimes a hearing date and time. Sometimes it says "to be set," and the court mails the date later.

Do these things right away

  1. Check your hearing date. Use the immigration court's online Automated Case Information portal (acis.eoir.justice.gov) or call 1-800-898-7180 with your A-number (the 9-digit number starting with "A" on your notice).
  2. Keep your address updated with the court. If you move, file Form EOIR-33 with the immigration court within 5 days. A changed address with the post office or USCIS does not update the court.
  3. Never miss a hearing. If you don't show up, the judge can order you removed without you there ("in absentia").
  4. Gather your papers for a lawyer (see below).
  5. Don't sign anything you don't understand, and don't pay a "notario" or "consultant" for legal help.

What to bring to a lawyer

  • The Notice to Appear and every letter from the court or immigration.
  • Your passport, visa, and I-94 (entry record), if you have them.
  • Copies of any past applications (asylum, green card, TPS, DACA, work permits).
  • Arrest or court records, even old or dismissed ones.
  • Proof of how long you've lived in the U.S. and of family ties (spouse or children who are citizens or green card holders).

Possible defenses depend on your situation

Depending on your history, options can include things like asylum, cancellation of removal, adjustment of status through a family member, or other relief. Only a lawyer who reviews your full history can tell you what applies. That's why the first step is a consultation, not a form.

Free and low-cost help

If you can't afford a lawyer, the U.S. Justice Department publishes a list of free (pro bono) legal service providers by immigration court. You can also look for DOJ-accredited representatives at recognized nonprofit organizations.

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